Ubuntu更换国内apt源 图形界面配置使用图形界面配置：系统设置->软件和更新->选择下载服务器->mirrors.aliyun.com手动更改# 阿里云源 sed -i 's/https:\/\/mirrors.aliyun.com/http:\/\/archive.ubuntu.com/g' /etc/apt/sources.list 或者手动编辑/etc/apt/sources.list阿里云源ubuntu14.04 LTS (trusty) (EOL)配置如下deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ trusty main restricted universe multiverse deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ trusty main restricted universe multiverse deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ trusty-security main restricted universe multiverse deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ trusty-security main restricted universe multiverse deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ trusty-updates main restricted universe multiverse deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ trusty-updates main restricted universe multiverse deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ trusty-backports main restricted universe multiverse deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ trusty-backports main restricted universe multiverse ## Not recommended # deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ trusty-proposed main restricted universe multiverse # deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ trusty-proposed main restricted universe multiverse ubuntu16.04 LTS (xenial) (EOL)配置如下deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial main deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial main deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates main deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates main deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial universe deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial universe deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates universe deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates universe deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-security main deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-security main deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-security universe deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-security universeubuntu18.04 LTS (bionic)配置如下deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse # deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse # deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverseubuntu20.04 LTS (focal)配置如下deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal main restricted universe multiverse deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal main restricted universe multiverse deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-security main restricted universe multiverse deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-security main restricted universe multiverse deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-updates main restricted universe multiverse deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-updates main restricted universe multiverse # deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-proposed main restricted universe multiverse # deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-proposed main restricted universe multiverse deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-backports main restricted universe multiverse deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-backports main restricted universe multiverseubuntu22.04 LTS (jammy)配置如下deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ jammy main restricted universe multiverse deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ jammy main restricted universe multiverse deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ jammy-security main restricted universe multiverse deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ jammy-security main restricted universe multiverse deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ jammy-updates main restricted universe multiverse deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ jammy-updates main restricted universe multiverse # deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ jammy-proposed main restricted universe multiverse # deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ jammy-proposed main restricted universe multiverse deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ jammy-backports main restricted universe multiverse deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ jammy-backports main restricted universe multiverseubuntu23.04 (lunar)配置如下deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ lunar main restricted universe multiverse deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ lunar main restricted universe multiverse deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ lunar-security main restricted universe multiverse deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ lunar-security main restricted universe multiverse deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ lunar-updates main restricted universe multiverse deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ lunar-updates main restricted universe multiverse # deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ lunar-proposed main restricted universe multiverse # deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ lunar-proposed main restricted universe multiverse deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ lunar-backports main restricted universe multiverse deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ lunar-backports main restricted universe multiverseubuntu24.04 (noble)配置如下deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ noble main restricted universe multiverse deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ noble main restricted universe multiverse deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ noble-security main restricted universe multiverse deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ noble-security main restricted universe multiverse deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ noble-updates main restricted universe multiverse deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ noble-updates main restricted universe multiverse # deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ noble-proposed main restricted universe multiverse # deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ noble-proposed main restricted universe multiverse deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ noble-backports main restricted universe multiverse deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ noble-backports main restricted universe multivers

ProxmoxVE 虚拟机导入导出 环境平台：Proxmox Virtual Environment 6.2-4节点：pve01 pve02一、简介利用pve的备份恢复功能进行虚拟机的导入导出使用备份功能备份为vma文件使用WinSCP等软件复制vma备份文件至计算机使用WinSCP等软件上传vma备份文件至另一台pve使用恢复功能恢复虚拟机二、 备份虚拟机登录pve01选择要备份的虚拟机点击子菜单中的备份按钮点击立即备份按钮设置备份到的存储（local的备份路径为：/var/lib/vz/dump）设置模式：停止设置压缩：无等待备份完毕三、使用WinSCP下载备份WinSCP可以使用SFTP连接pve节点WinSCP下载地址：WinSCP官网登录pve01节点切换远程目录至备份目录（local存储的备份目录为：/var/lib/vz/dump）找到虚拟机备份文件右键点击下载使用二进制方式下载vma备份文件至本机目录等待下载完成四、上传备份使用WinSCP登录pve02节点本地目录切换至刚下载备份的目录右键点击vma备份文件选择上传输入上传路径/var/lib/vz/dump/.（local存储的备份目录为：/var/lib/vz/dump）并使用二进制方式上传等待上传完毕五、恢复虚拟机登录pve02节点切换至相应的上传存储（local）点击子菜单中的内容菜单选择刚上传的vma备份文件点击恢复按钮设置恢复到的存储和VM ID点击恢复按钮开始恢复等待恢复完毕六、测试启动导入的虚拟机

Linux根目录inode占用过高处理解决方法 近期发现一台运行时间1000+天的CentOS服务器，根目录Inode占用接近100%，经排查后发现是/var/spool/postfix/maildrop目录下临时邮件过多导致注：/var/spool/postfix/maildrop 是 Postfix 邮件服务器用来暂存因为各种原因无法立即传递给收件人的邮件的目录。当 Postfix 无法立即发送邮件时（比如对方的服务器不可达，或者是网络问题），邮件会被暂存在这个目录中。处理方法：# 查看inode数量 df -i # 统计inode数量 sudo du --inode /var/spool/postfix/maildrop # 执行删除命令，直接执行rm -rf无法删除 cd /var/spool/postfix/maildrop ls | xargs rm -f

Dockerfile常用模板 4组核心的Docker指令USER/WORKDIR指令USER 指明uid为1的用户WORKDIR 切换目录ADD/EXPOSE指令ADD 添加文件到容器内EXPOSE 定义暴露端口RUN/ENV指令RUN 构建镜像时执行的指令ENV 环境变量CMD/ENTRYPOINT指令CMD 启动容器的时候执行的指令ENTRYPOINT 每个容器默认启动执行根目录下的/entrypoint.sh脚本示例:FROM centos:7 # 下载镜像 USER root # 指明uid为1的用户 WORKDIR /root # 工作目录 ENV PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin:$PATH LANG=zh_CN.UTF-8 SHELL=/bin/bash RUN /bin/cp /usr/share/zoneinfo/Asia/Shanghai /etc/localtime && echo 'Asia/Shanghai' >/etc/timezone CMD ["/entrypoint.sh"]